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| c. 100 |
| | | Theravada Buddhism, strong in south India and Sri Lanka, travels with traders through southeast Asia | |
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| c. 1150 |
| | | The city of Angkor and the great temple of Angkor Wat are created by the Khmer dynasty in Cambodia | |
|  | Angkor Wat
Photograph Josceline Dimbleby
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| 1445 |
| | | A Muslim ruler is established in Malacca, forming the first of many Muslim dynasties in the Malay archipelago | |
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| 1511 |
| | | The Portuguese take control of Malacca, in the Malay peninsula, as a base for trade further east | |
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| 1512 |
| | | The Portuguese make treaties in the Moluccas (or Spice Islands), to trade in cloves and nutmeg | |
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| 1521 |
| | | Ferdinand Magellan is killed in the Philippines, in a skirmish with natives | |
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| 1557 |
| | | The Portuguese establish a trading post on Macao, a small peninsula off the south coast of China | |
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| 1571 |
| | | The Spanish governor general, Legazpi, makes his capital at Manila,and names the surrounding islands the Philippines after Philip II | |
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| 1571 |
| | | The Philippines and its governor general are placed under the authority of the Spanish governor of New Spain, ruling from Mexico City | |
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| 1595 |
| | | The first Dutch expedition round the Cape reaches Java and secures trading agreements | |
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